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Showing 2 verified claims · school discipline & safety

school discipline & safety

Police in schools increase student arrests; safety effects are mixed

Stationing police (school resource officers) in schools reliably increases exclusionary discipline, police referrals, and student arrests — with the largest increases falling on Black students and students with disabilities — and in the strongest designs is linked to lower graduation and college enrollment; safety effects are mixed, with some serious violence reduced but gun-related incidents not prevented.

Evidence: ModerateConsensus: Established Certified

school discipline & safety

Suspensions appear to worsen the outcomes they punish

Out-of-school suspension and other exclusionary discipline are associated with — and in several quasi-experimental studies appear to worsen — suspended students' attendance, achievement, and graduation and their risk of dropout and justice-system involvement; the practice is applied with large racial and disability disparities, but rigorous causal estimates of its effect on test scores are mixed.

Evidence: LowConsensus: Emerging